![]() 9 Published results across numerous studies indicate that these technologically assisted approaches are efficacious, potentially showing more robust outcomes than conventional psychotherapy and behavioral modification techniques. Carefully tailored scenarios including various vehicle (e.g., helicopter or Humvee) simulators 5–7 have been developed, and various biometric indicators of anxiety (e.g., heart rate, skin temperature, sweat gland activity, and respiratory rate) 8 have been coupled with these simulations to assess that degree of desensitization achieved over time with repeat exposures. Increasingly, combat-related PTSD therapies include VR headset displays that respond to patients' head and body movements. ![]() ![]() Using an array of digital simulations and virtual reality (VR) technologies, 4 researchers and clinicians have demonstrated the benefits of enhanced immersion in traumatic memories. ![]() Partly to address treatment-resistant clinical subpopulations that struggle with recall, refuse to engage traumatic memory narratively, or show diminished affective response to doing so, 3 researchers have been working to create more affectively charged contexts for the re-experiencing of traumatic memory. 2 As has been observed in PTSD subpopulations-for example, those based in sexual trauma, childhood abuse, and motor vehicular accident-narrating traumatic events does not always produce the desired emotional response, as some individuals seem to be capable of reliving traumatic experience without the affective confrontation integral to the extinction of fear-based behaviors. Most clinical applications of prolonged exposure for PTSD have involved basic forms of “imaginal” or “abstract” talk therapy in which traumatic events are narrated until their recollection ceases to provoke the same fearful and avoidant responses. Drawing on theories of reciprocal inhibition, Wolpe 1 saw learned patterns of avoidance and suppression as the principal obstacles to treating anxiety-based neuroses and advocated for behavioral interventions that desensitize subjects to frightening stimuli. ![]() Exposure-based posttraumatic stress disorder treatments and virtual realityĬurrent prolonged exposure treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) derive from work pioneered by Wolpe in the 1950s and 1960s. ![]()
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